John Henry Brown (Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1818-1891, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) Brown's prolific career illuminates the fate of antebellum miniaturists. He began an apprenticeship in 1836 to the painter Arthur Armstrong (1798-1851) while working as a clerk in the Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Recorder's Office. In 1839 Brown established himself as a...

Martin Johnson Heade (August 11, 1819 – September 4, 1904) was a prolific American painter known for his salt marsh landscapes, seascapes, portraits of tropical birds, and still lifes. His painting style and subject matter, while derived from the romanticism of the time, is regarded by art historians as a significant departure from that of his...

Arthur Fitzwilliam Tait (February 5, 1819 – April 28, 1905) was an American artist who is known mostly for his paintings of wildlife. During most of his career, he was associated with the New York City art scene. Biography Tait was born in Lively Hall near Liverpool, England. At eight years old, because his father went bankrupt he was sent to...

Joachim Ferdinand Richardt (10 April 1819 - 29 October 1895) Danish-American artist, in Denmark known for his lithographs of manor houses, and in the U.S. for his paintings of Niagara Falls and other landscapes. Life Ferdinand Richardt, the son of Johan Joachim Richardt and Johanne Frederikke née Bohse, was born in Brede, north of Copenhagen in...

James Walker, born on June 3, 1819 in Northamptonshire, England, was a historical painter whose works can be found in the permanent collections of the U. S. War Department Building, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the California Historical Society and the Tennessee State Museum among others. Not much is known of his training, although it has...

Though Nichols began his career as a lawyer, he turned to art as a profession by 1848.  He studied in New York City with Jasper Cropsey and continued his education in Europe in 1853.  In 1858 he opened a studio in the 10th Street Studio Building in New York City which he kept until 1862.  He began exhibiting at the National Academy of Design in 1862...

Charles C. Hofmann was born in Germany around 1820, and immigrated to America in 1860, arriving in the port of New York. In subsequent years he lived in several communities along Pennsylvania's Schuylkill River, sometimes as a resident/patient of the public poorhouses. He is the best-known of the three so-called "Pennsylvania Almshouse Painters," the...

Frederick A. Butman was born in Gardiner, Maine in 1820 and also died there in 1871 while visiting his family.  He was a landscape and figure painter active from 1857 until his death.  He was listed in the San Francisco city directory from 1859 to 1871. Butman owned a drugstore in Gardiner until 1857 when he moved to San Francisco.  From 1860...

Thomas Worthington Whittredge[1] (May 22, 1820 - February 25, 1910) was an American artist of the Hudson River School. Whittredge was a highly regarded artist of his time, and was friends with several leading Hudson River School artists including Albert Bierstadt and Sanford Robinson Gifford. He traveled widely and excelled at landscape painting,...

Born in Rotterdam on August 29,1820, Johan Mengels Culverhouse was one of six children of R. Culverhouse and C. Mengels. Culverhouse made a name for himself as a "candlelight painter," specializing in nocturnal scenes illuminated by moonlight or candlelight in the tradition of seventeenth-century Dutch painting. In the same tradition he also...

Alfred T. Ordway (1821–1897) was an American landscape and portrait painter, and one of the founding fathers of the Boston Art Club.[1] Early years Alfred was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts to mother Currier, and father Thomas Ordway on March 9, 1821. With his father being the cities' clerk, Alfred spent the majority of his childhood in Lowell,...

Widely credited as the founder of the landscape painting tradition in Louisiana, French-born painter Richard Clague received most of his formal artistic training in Europe. While landscape painting had gained some popularity in the northern states by the early nineteenth century and there was a strong tradition of decorative and scenic painting,...

Felix Octavius Carr Darley (June 23, 1822 – March 27, 1888) often credited as F. O. C. Darley, was an American painter in watercolor and illustrator, known for his illustrations in works by well-known 19th century authors, including: James Fenimore Cooper, Charles Dickens, Mary Maples Dodge, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Washington Irving, George Lippard,...

Thomas Buchanan Read (March 12, 1822 – May 11, 1872), was an American poet and portrait painter. Biography Read was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania on March 12, 1822. Read wrote a prose romance, The Pilgrims of the Great St. Bernard, and several books of poetry, including The New Pastoral, The House by the Sea, Sylvia, and A Summer Story....

Lilly Martin Spencer (born Angelique Marie Martin) (November 26, 1822 – May 22, 1902) was one of the most popular and widely reproduced American female genre painters in the mid-nineteenth century. She painted domestic scenes, women and children in a warm happy atmosphere. Although she did have an audience for her work Spencer had difficulties...

Groce and Wallace listed Nicholas Biddle Kittell as a landscape as well as a portrait artist.  He first exhibited at the National Academy of Design in 1847, giving his address as Norwich, NY.  He continued to exhibit at the National Academy of Design during the period 1857 to 1891.  He exhibited at the Brooklyn Art Association during the period...

William Bradford, a 19th-century American marine painter, was born on April 30, 1823 in Fairhaven, Massachusetts.  He was born to Quaker parents who disapproved of his desire for a painting career.  He worked as a clerk in his father’s dry goods shop in New Bedford, devoting his spare time to sketching. In the early 1850s, he launched his...

Thomas Hicks  (b Newtown, PA, 18 Oct 1823; d Trenton Falls, NY, 8 Oct 1890). Cousin of (1) Edward Hicks. After being apprenticed (c. 1835–9) in the sign-painting shop of his cousin, he studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia (1839–40) and at the National Academy of Design in New York (1840–44). He then sketched...

William Hart (March 31, 1823 – June 17, 1894), was a Scottish-born American landscape and cattle painter, and Hudson River School artist. His younger brother, James McDougal Hart, was also a Hudson River School artist, and the two painted similar subjects. He studied under Jules-Joseph Lefebvre. Biography Hart was born in Paisley, Scotland, and...

The attribution to Salome Hensel and date (1823) of the National Gallery's To the Memory of the Benevolent Howard (1971.83.22), an unsigned theorem painting, are based on a label that was once afixed to the reverse. It reads: "This painting was done in 1823 by Salome Hensel eldest daughter of George and Catherine Noon Hensel. Salome was afterwards...