The RMN and the Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées is a public institution resulting from the merger of the RMN or NMR and Grand Palais whose purpose is the management and development of 34 museums national one and their collections, as well as the Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées in Paris. It is placed under the guardianship of the Ministry of Culture , especially exercised by the Department of Museums of France (SMF).
History
Genesis
Under the Third Republic, the role of the state will change. It recognizes the right to intervene in the protection of national creations. Jules Ferry said in the speech of 24 June 1881, that "the State is responsible for maintaining that modern society could leave perishable, finally fight against the invasion of art by industrialism, the danger, the scourge of wealthy societies against ours. (It should) reward art forms most necessary to maintain national traditions . "
In 1872, Charles White , Director of Fine Arts, complains of lack of credit for the purchase of works of art. In 1873, it is the member Agenor Bardoux , rapporteur of the budget of the Ministry of Public Instruction, which indicates the lack of funds, " Vote for acquiring art is ridiculous. It is 75,000 francs. What can you buy today with such limited resources? Today art has gained a great value, we are the ones to fight money in all auctions. There is a rivalry in public sales and auctions testify among all the great galleries of Europe. What opportunities has missed the Louvre to make acquisitions that have completed our wonderful collections! "
In 1874, the rapporteur of the budget of the Ministry of Public Instruction notes that the budget for the acquisition of works of art in France is 75 000 francs, while in a neighboring nation of 500,000 francs. The same year, the collector Charles Timbal notes the increasing competition in the auction and believes that the administration of museums should have a sensible budget , if it is to fight against the merchants.He noted that the accounting rules require each public management to public accounting unspent funds appropriated one year prevent the purchase of works of art of great quality. This argument was taken in 1875 by the art critic Charles Clement, who proposed the creation of a reserve fund built on a legal fiction by which are made annually to the Treasury would be returned the following year to the administration , as additional credits . Reiset Frederick , director of museums between 1874 and 1879, proposes the establishment of a fund for acquisition, increased loans to museums and the reform of public accounting, to allow " Louvre to be represented in big sales . "
The sale of the crown jewels of France in 1887 will be an opportunity to reflect on the financing of the acquisition of works of art. The proceeds from the sale is managed by the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations . The portion of sales restricted to the acquisition of works is scheduled for a Fund museums administered by a committee of 11 members, appointed by the Supreme Council of Fine Arts. This fund is " a national institution to provide for the acquisition of works of art for museums of the state and that can not be allocated on annual appropriations by the Finance Act . "
Act of April 16, 1895
This is the law of 16 April 1895 Finance Act for 1896, which recognizes the legal personality of the RMN:
Article 52 "is vested with legal personality, under the title of National Museums, the meeting of museums Louvre , of Versailles , of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Luxembourg . "
Article 54: The resources of the Fund shall consist of museums "donations and bequests payments as subscriptions individual or collective funds allocated by the State as grants for the acquisition of objects art or antiques, the proceeds from the sale of these museums prints, casts and other reproductions income half of the proceeds from the sale of the crown jewels, and all other resources that might be affected by the law " 2 .
The decree of 14 January 1896 the Council organized the RMN. It provides that the Council may decide on the acceptance of gifts made to an institution. In 1897, the Council granted the right to rule on the legacy nature. With this legislation, patrons will be able to participate in the enrichment of the cultural heritage of the state museums.
Developments
The RMN was originally founded in 1896 under the leadership of Raymond Poincaré Georges Leygues and 3 to complete the acquisition of works of art to enrich the national collections. It acquires the status of a public industrial and commercial nature (EPIC) by the decree of November 14, 1990 4 . The property has now three new missions: public reception, organization of exhibitions and cultural diffusion around these exhibitions and permanent collections of museums.
The public institution in charge of 34 national museums. Two statutes exist for these national museums: most are also the public have therefore a legal and financial autonomy, knowing that two or three national museums can be grouped within a public institution. Are other services to national jurisdiction (SNA) attached to SMF.
The 1 st January 2011 , the RMN merges with the public institution of the Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées , which was created in 2007 . The new facility is now governed by public decree n o 2011-52 of January 13, 2011 5 .
Missions
Acquisition of works of art
Acquire works of art to enrich the national collections, this is the first mission of the RMN. It handles acquisitions for all directions heritage and public institutions under the Ministry of Culture and Communication. She makes purchases from individuals and dealers or auctions and manages donations and tions . The year 2005 has helped to contribute to the enrichment of museum collections services to national jurisdiction (SCN) for a total of 3.26 million euros.
For acquisitions above a certain amount, it is necessary to consult the Arts Council of RMN.
Exhibitions
Since 1930 , the RMN - Grand Palais provides administrative and logistical most exhibitions Temporary presented in national museums. Producer of large cultural events, RMN - Grand Palais managesGaleries nationales du Grand Palais (GNGP) where it has important thematic and monographic retrospectives that are the hallmark of this prestigious international. Most of them are also international co-productions with the most important museums in the world, including Europe, North America and Asia.
The organization of a major international exhibition represents a considerable amount of work that spans a period of four or five years. The exhibition program of the National Museums stopped several years in advance by a special committee which meets regularly at the RMN - Grand Palais. The RMN - Grand Palais determines and monitors the budget exhibits. It negotiates and signs contracts coproduction with foreign museums when it comes to major international exhibitions presented successively in two or three countries or with French local authorities , in the case of exhibitions in the region. It directly manages loan applications, transport and insurance works. In agreement with the commissioners of each exposure, she chose the architect and designer who provides the presentation. After the exhibition, the RMN - Grand Palais promotes (press relations, advertising ...), it also looks for sponsors and partners who wish to provide support to its exhibitions .
The RMN - Grand Palais also co exhibitions, or involved in the organization of exhibitions in institutions that are not national museums, it is at their request, bringing to their service his experience and knowledge -how. It works with thirty and cultural institutions involved in the implementation of some twenty exhibitions per year. So she regularly works with some regional museums with institutions related to the Heritage Branch , as well as the French Association for Artistic Action (AFAA) become Cultures France for international exhibitions.
The RMN - Grand Palace is one of the leading organizers of exhibitions of art in the world. It is the initiative of the Bizot group that brings together leaders of major international museum exhibition organizers.
Art publishing
The RMN - Grand Palace is one of the first publishers of art in Europe in the context of temporary exhibitions and cultural events, RMN publishes and distributes catalogs , books, derivatives and products art.
It also promotes the permanent collections of museums editing guides and other support materials visit, paper, audiovisual and multimedia. The RMN - Grand Palais distributes all of its editorial and commercial products through a network of more than forty shops and sales counters of museums in Paris and the surrounding region.
Photographic agency
The photo agency of the RMN - Grand Palace is one of the top five agencies in the world in the field of arts and museums, and the first in France. Present in more than 160 countries, it retains the memory of an entire cultural heritage to make it better and live broadcast. It protects a vast catalog of nearly 450,000 images of works of art from prehistory to the present day. Having acquired photographic collections of different origins, it offers a valuable resource for researchers, in fact, some works whose current location is unknown, however, are documented through photographs held by the agency.
The 35 institutions
The RMN - Grand Palais involved in the development of reception areas and manages the services offered to the public (access, locker rooms, guided tours ...), ticketing and reservations in most national museums and its exhibitions with them. All exhibitions at the Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, the RMN - Grand Palais also offers:
· a reservation system for individual visitors to avoid queues;
· the Sesame pass which allows free, unlimited access without queue exhibitions at the National Galleries of the Grand Palais for a year.
In addition, the RMN - Grand Palais is closely associated with the management of the Paris Museum Pass, which allows tourists to a flat rate calculated for two, four or six days, visiting 60 museums and monuments in Paris and Île-de-France.
Notes and references
1. ↑ There are a total of 41 national museums under the Ministry of Culture. Listed in the Heritage Code [ archive ]
2. ↑ Under the direction of Jean-Pierre Allinne, Renaud Carrier culture to market risk: the sponsorship deal with its players , p. 99-102, L'Harmattan, Paris ( ISBN 978-2-296-11324-4 ) extracts [ archive ]
3. ↑ Jacques Sallois, Museums of France , 4th ed., Paris, PUF, "What do I know? "2008, page 26.
4. ↑ Decree n o 90-1026 of 14 November 1990 on the RMN and the École du Louvre [ archive ] , Official Gazette n o 268 of 18 November 1990, p. 14232-14236, NOR MCCB9000487D on Légifrance .
5. ↑ Text of the Decree of 13 January 2011 on Légifrance [ archive ] .
