The New York State Museum is a research-backed institution in Albany, New York, United States. It is located on Madison Avenue, attached to the south side of the Empire State Plaza, facing onto the plaza and towards the New York State Capitol. The museum houses art, artifacts (prehistoric and historic), andecofacts that reflect New York State’s cultural, natural, and geological development. Operated by the New York State Education Department's Office of Cultural Education, it is the nation's oldest and largest state museum. Formerly located in the State Education Building, the museum now occupies the first four floors of the Cultural Education Center, a ten story, 1,500,000-square-foot (140,000 m2) building that also houses the New York State Archives and New York State Library.
History
The New York State Museum was founded in 1836 as the New York State Geological and Natural History Survey, formed in 1836 by Governor William Marcy to document the mineral wealth of the state.[1] In 1870, it was reorganized as the New York State Museum of Natural History under the trusteeship of the regents of the State University.[2] The museum was located in the State Education Building from 1912 until 1976, when it was moved to the Cultural Education Center upon the Empire State Plaza's completion. The current location opened on July 4, 1976, and 15,000 people took part in the ceremony.
Notable Staff
· Frederick James Hamilton Merrill museum director (1894 to 1904)
· William Martin Beauchamp archaeologist (1884 to 1910)
Layout and organization
The large majority of the museum’s exhibits are located on the first floor. A number of galleries and halls on the first floor provide areas where various art collections are exhibited. Presentations and lectures (such as the weekly Lecture Series) are held in the Museum Theater, located near the West Gallery. A student center is located behind the museum’s main lobby.
The second floor, generally not accessible by the public, contains education and youth services. The museum’s staff, including the Division of Research and Collections and the Exhibits Division, is located on the third floor. This area is also not accessible to the public.
The fourth floor contains the museum’s café area, a functioning carousel built between 1912 and 1916 that visitors may ride, and supplementary exhibits covering regional topics and several historic cities in New York State, such as Buffalo and Rochester. The windowed walls of this floor afford visitors a view of the Empire State Plaza and other areas of downtown Albany, hence the gallery's name, "Windows on New York".
Research
As a research institution, the New York State Museum houses several programs, centers, and initiatives that further the geological, biological, archaeological and historical understanding of areas within and outside of New York State. The following is a list of several of these programs.
The Biodiversity Research Initiative (BRI) - A partnership among conservation and environmental groups in New York State, the Biodiversity Research Initiative seeks to advance information and research for the conservation of New York State’s biodiversity by funding research projects, sponsoring conferences and seminar series, and directing other initiatives. BRI hosts a biennial scientific conference at the New York State Museum. Partner groups include the American Museum of Natural History, Audubon New York, the New York Natural Heritage Program, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, the State Education Department, the State University of New York, and The Nature Conservancy.
The Center for Stratigraphy and Paleontology (CSP) – In addition to conducting basic research on the stratigraphy and fossil history of the State and adjoining regions, and disseminating subsurface geological data to the public, the CSP also works to conserve and make accessible the extensive subsurface and fossil collections of the New York State Museum.
Cultural Resource Survey Program (CRSP) – A cultural resources management (CRM) program that conducts historical and archaeological research for the State of New York. The program’s work assists other State agencies, such as the New York State Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), and the Office of General Services (OGS), in meeting and adhering to their state and federal preservation mandates. This specifically refers to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, a federal law enacted in 1966 to preserve the cultural and historic resources in the United States. In doing so, CRSP works closely with New York State's Historic Preservation Officer and the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation.
The Laboratory for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics (LCEG) – The LCEG is a molecular phylogenetics laboratory designed for use by researchers studying animal and plant evolution. The facility provides technology that allows Museum researchers to analyze genetic variability among organisms by DNA nucleotide sequencing. The laboratory also houses the Museum’s Genome Bank, a frozen tissue collection that complements the traditional dried-specimen collections by preserving plant and animal DNA for future study.
The Wildlife Science and Conservation Initiative – This program works to address the impact, both broad and fine, that human disturbances and habitat fragmentation have had on the behavior, ecology, and evolution of carnivores. While their work has primarily focused on carnivores in New York State, the Initiative has also worked to develop an automated telemetry system in Panama and investigates behavioral changes among male lions in Tsavo, Kenya.
Collections
The collections of the New York State Museum include geological samples, paleontology specimens, historic materials, and art. Their anthropological collections are extensive, and include the collections of several early and well-known anthropologists, including Lewis H. Morgan and Arthur C. Parker. These collections are open to researchers for analysis. A supplementary storage facility in Rotterdam, New York, houses material not presently displayed, including artifacts from the September 11 attacks.
Permanent exhibits
· The Adirondack Wilderness - This exhibit explores the geology and prehistoric flora and fauna of the Adirondacks, the impact historic activities such as logging, mining, and recreational use had on regional environment and ecology, and the area’s contemporary state, including conservation efforts, resource exploitation, and artistic interpretations.
· Ancient Life of New York - A Billion Years of Earth History - A paleontological collection of fossils over a billion years old (some of the oldest in the eastern United States). The exhibit includes blue-green bacteria, fossilized tree stumps and spiders from Gilboa, New York, trilobites, and armored fish.
· Birds of New York - Includes a display of over 170 native New York bird species in their natural settings.
· Black Capital: Harlem in the 20s - An exhibit of the art and culture of the Harlem Renaissance during the 1920s, inclulding a history of its development and the impact and influence it had on later cultural and artistic trends.
· Carousel - Located on the museum’s fourth floor, this full-sized carousel was made between 1912 and 1916 by the Herschell-Spillman Company of North Tonawanda, New York. It remained in use until the early 1970s in Cuba, New York, after which it was dismantled and obtained by the NYSM.
· Cohoes Mastodon - The skeletal remains of a mastodon excavated in Cohoes, New York in 1866. The skeleton was located in the Museum's front lobby, complete with an interactive station. It recently returned from repair and restoration. While it used to be displayed in the main lobby it is now available for viewing in the South hall of the museum with a new display stand and interactive learning tools.
· Fire Engine Hall - An exhibit of historic fire fighting vehicles from the 19th and 20th centuries.
· The Governor's Collection of Contemporary Native American Crafts
· Metropolis Hall - An exhibit on the history of New York City.
· Minerals of New York - Geological displays from the New York State Museum's mineral collection.
· Native Peoples of New York - An exhibit focusing on the prehistoric and historic cultural development of New York State, spanning the chronological spectrum from the Paleoindian period (c. 10,000 B.C.) up to and including the ethnology of Native groups in New York today. Included in the exhibit are numerousprehistoric artifacts (e.g., pottery and stone tools), lifelike dioramas, scale models, and a full-sized replica of an Iroquoian longhouse.
· Research Gallery - Highlights current work being conducted by staff members of the NYSM's Division of Research and Collections.
· Windows on New York - Located on the fourth floor, the Windows on New York display highlights the history and characteristics of many of New York State's different regions.
· The World Trade Center: Rescue, Recovery, Response - Tells the history of the World Trade Center and the September 11, 2001 attacks, including therescue efforts, the evidence recovery operation at the Fresh Kills Landfill, and public response to the attacks. Has numerous artifacts from the site including the remains of an Engine 6 ladder, and the flag that was flown from next to the North Tower.
References
1. Cultural Education Center at Emporis Buildings.
2. Moon New York State Handbook by Christiane Bird. (c) 2006. Page 338.
3. ^ Reaka-Kudla, Marjorie L., Don E Wilson, and Edward O. Wilson, eds., Biodiversity II. Joseph Henry Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0-309-05584-0
4. ^ Merrill, Frederick J H, Bulletin of the New York State Museum, Vol. 4, No. 19, November 1898
