John Sartain (October 24, 1808 - October 25, 1897) was an artist who pioneered mezzotint engraving in the United States.[1]

Biography

John Sartain was born in London, England on October 24, 1808. He learned line engraving, and produced several of the plates in William Young Ottley's Early Florentine School (1826). In 1828, he began to do mezzotints. He studied painting under John Varley and Henry Richter.

In 1830, at the age of 22, he emigrated to the United States and settled in Philadelphia. There he studied with Joshua Shaw and Manuel J. de Franca. For about ten years after his arrival in the United States, he painted portraits in oil and miniatures on ivory. During the same time, he found employment in making designs for banknote vignettes, and also in drawing on wood for book illustrations.

He pioneered mezzotint engraving in the United States. He engraved plates in 1841-1848 for Graham's Magazine, published by George Rex Graham, and believed his work was responsible for the publication's sudden success.[2] Sartain became editor and proprietor of Campbell's Foreign Semi-Monthly Magazine in 1843. He had an interest at the same time in the Eclectic Museum, for which, later, when John H. Agnew was alone in charge, he simply engraved the plates. In 1848, he purchased a half interest in the Union Magazine, a New York City periodical. He transferred it to Philadelphia, where it was renamed Sartain's Union Magazine, and from 1849-1852 he published it with Graham. It became very well known during those four years. During this time, besides his editorial work and the engravings that had to be made regularly for the periodicals with which he was connected, Sartain produced an enormous quantity of plates for book illustrations.

Sartain was a colleague and friend of Edgar Allan Poe. Around July 2, 1849, about four months before Poe's death, the author unexpectedly visited Sartain's house in Philadelphia. Looking "pale and haggard" with "a wild and frightened expression in his eyes", Poe told Sartain that he was being pursued and needed protection; Sartain worried he was suicidal.[3] Poe asked for a razor so that he could shave off his moustache to become less recognizable. Sartain offered to cut it off himself using scissors.[4] Poe had said he had overheard people while on the train who were conspiring to murder him. Sartain asked why anyone would want to kill him, Poe answered it was "a woman trouble."[3] Poe gave Sartain a new poem, "The Bells", which was published in Sartain's Union Magazine in November 1849, a month after Poe's death.[5] Sartain's also included the first authorized printing of "Annabel Lee", also posthumous.[6]

After his arrival in Philadelphia, Sartain took an active interest in art matters there. He held various offices in the Artists' Fund Society, the School of Design for Women, and the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and was actively connected with other educational institutions in the city. He had visited Europe several times, and on the occasion of his second visit in 1862 he was elected a member of the society “Artis et Amicitiæ” in Amsterdam.[7]

Sartain had charge of the art department of the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, in 1876. In recognition of his services there, the king of Italy conferred on him the title of cavaliere of the Royal Equestrian Order of the Crown of Italy. His architectural knowledge was frequently requisitioned: he took a prominent part in the work of the committee on the Washington Memorial by Rudolf Siemering in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, and he designed medallions for the monument to George Washington and Lafayette erected in 1869 in Monument Cemetery, Philadelphia.[7]

Upon his death in 1897, Sartain was buried in Monument Cemetery. In 1956 the cemetery was condemned by the city and given to Temple University which cleared it for a parking lot. Sartain's body, along with roughly 20,000 others was unclaimed. The bodies were re-interred in a large mass grave at Lawnview Cemetery. The tombstones, including Monument Cemetery’s gatehouse and the cemetery’s 70 feet high central monument to George Washington and General Lafayette and his family monument (all designed by Sartain) were dumped into the Delaware River to serve as the foundations for the Betsy Ross Bridge.[8]

His Reminiscences of a Very Old Man (New York, 1899) are of unusual interest.[1]

Family

His son Samuel Sartain (8 October 1830 - 1906) started engraving under his father's supervision, and at age 21 went into business for himself. His daughter Emily Sartain (17 March 1841 - 1927) first practised art as an engraver under her father. She studied at the Pennsylvania Academy under Christian Schussele from 1864 to 1872, and then, until 1875, with Evariste Luminais in Paris. Her engraving style is a mixture of line engraving and mezzotint. She engraved a large number of portraits for book illustration. As a painter, she devoted herself principally to portraiture, painting genre pictures occasionally. In 1886, she became principal of the Philadelphia School of Design for Women. Another son, William Sartain (21 November 1843 - 1924), born in Philadelphia, engraved under his father's supervision until he was about 24. From 1867 to 1868, he studied under Christian Schussele and at the Pennsylvania Academy. He then went to Paris, where he studied with Leon Bonnat. In 1877, he returned to the United States, settling in New York, where he was elected an associate of the National Academy of Design in 1880. He was one of the founders of the Society of American Artists. He painted both landscape and figure subjects.[7]

References

1.     ^ ^a b Chisholm 1911.

2.     ^ Quinn, Arthur Hobson. Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998: 330. ISBN 0801857309.

3.     ^ ^a b Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 416. ISBN 0060923318.

4.     ^ Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. New York: Cooper Square Press, 1992: 246. ISBN 0815410387.

5.     ^ Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 2001: 25. ISBN 081604161X.

6.     ^ Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. New York: Cooper Square Press, 1992: 244. ISBN 0815410387

7.     ^ ^a b c Wilson and Fiske 1889.

8.     ^ Stone Angels, 6 May 2011, "How Monument Cemetery Was Destroyed". Accessed 25 July 2011.

Attribution

§   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Sartain, John". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

§   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Sartain, John". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900., Wilson and Fiske

External links

§  The Winterthur Library Overview of an archival collection on John Sartain.

§  Sartain's Union Magazine at Google Book Search

§  John Sartain's The reminiscences of a very old man, 1808-1897, publ. 1899, D. Appleton, NY

§  "Sartain family papers, 1795-1944", Archives of American Art